PSG has now won the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.